Bjarne Stroustrup “Programming Principles and Practice Using C++”
Chapter 7 Exercise 6
Using std_lib_facilities.h by Bjarne Stroustrup.
[code language=”cpp”]
// Philipp Siedler
// Bjarne Stroustrup’s PP
// Chapter 7 Exercise 6
#include "std_lib_facilities.h"
const char let = ‘#’;
const char exitprog = ‘E’;
const char print = ‘;’;
const char number = ‘8’;
const char name = ‘a’;
const char sqroot = ‘S’;
const char power = ‘P’;
const char constant = ‘C’;
const char reset = ‘R’;
const char help = ‘H’;
struct Token {
char kind;
double value;
string name;
Token(char ch) :kind(ch), value(0) { }
Token(char ch, double val) :kind(ch), value(val) { }
Token(char ch, string val) :kind(ch), name(val) { } //Error 1: Line missing
};
class Token_stream {
bool full;
Token buffer;
public:
Token_stream() :full(0), buffer(0) { }
Token get();
void unget(Token t) { buffer = t; full = true; }
void ignore(char);
};
Token Token_stream::get()
{
if (full) {
full = false; return buffer;
}
char ch;
cin.get(ch);
while (isspace(ch)) {
if (ch == ‘\n’) return Token(print); // if newline detected, return print Token
cin.get(ch);
}
switch (ch) {
case ‘h’:
case ‘H’:
{
return Token(help);
}
case ‘(‘:
case ‘)’:
case ‘+’:
case ‘-‘:
case ‘*’:
case ‘/’:
case ‘%’:
case ‘;’:
case ‘=’:
case ‘k’:
case ‘,’:
{
return Token(ch);
}
case ‘#’:
{
return Token(let);
}
case ‘.’:
case ‘0’:
case ‘1’:
case ‘2’:
case ‘3’:
case ‘4’:
case ‘5’:
case ‘6’:
case ‘7’:
case ‘8’:
case ‘9’:
{
cin.unget();
double val;
cin >> val;
return Token(number, val);
}
default:
{
if (isalpha(ch) || ch == ‘_’) { //is ch a letter?
string s;
s += ch;
while (cin.get(ch) && (isalpha(ch) || isdigit(ch) || ch == ‘_’)) { //reads chars, strings or digits
s += ch; //Error 2: s = ch;
}
cin.unget(); //puts the most recently read character back into the stream
if (s == "exit") return Token(exitprog); //Error 2: if (s == "quit") return Token(name);
if (s == "sqrt") return Token(sqroot);
if (s == "pow") return Token(power);
if (s == "const") return Token(constant);
if (s == "reset") return Token(reset);
return Token(name, s);
}
error("Bad token");
return Token(‘ ‘); //Line missing
}
}
}
void Token_stream::ignore(char c)
{
if (full && c == buffer.kind) {
full = false;
return;
}
full = false;
char ch;
while (cin >> ch) {
if (ch == c) return;
}
}
struct Variable {
string name;
double value;
bool immutable;
Variable(string n, double v, bool i) :name(n), value(v), immutable(i) { }
};
class Symbol_table {
public:
vector<Variable> var_table;
double get(string);
void set(string, double);
bool is_declared(string);
double declare(char);
bool is_immutable(string);
};
Token_stream ts;
double expression();
double Symbol_table::get(string s)
{
for (int i = 0; i < var_table.size(); ++i) {
if (var_table[i].name == s) {
return var_table[i].value;
}
}
error("get: undefined name ", s);
return 0.0; //Line missing
}
void Symbol_table::set(string s, double d)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= var_table.size(); ++i) {
if (var_table[i].name == s) {
var_table[i].value = d;
return;
}
}
error("set: undefined name ", s);
}
bool Symbol_table::is_declared(string s)
{
for (int i = 0; i < var_table.size(); ++i) {
if (var_table[i].name == s) return true;
}
return false;
}
double Symbol_table::declare(char kind)
{
Token t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != name) {
error("name expected in declaration");
}
string name = t.name;
if (kind == let || kind == constant) {
if (is_declared(name)) error(name, " declared twice");
}
else if (kind == reset) {
if (!is_declared(name))
error(name, " has not been declared");
if (is_immutable(name))
error(name, " is a constant");
}
else {
error("unknown statement");
}
Token t2 = ts.get();
if (t2.kind != ‘=’) error("= missing in declaration of ", name);
double d = expression();
if (is_declared(name))
set(name, d);
else
var_table.push_back(Variable(name, d, (kind == constant)));
return d;
}
bool Symbol_table::is_immutable(string s)
{
for (int i = 0; i<int(var_table.size()); ++i)
if (var_table[i].name == s && var_table[i].immutable) return true;
return false;
}
Symbol_table st;
double primary()
{
Token t = ts.get();
switch (t.kind) {
case ‘(‘:
{
double d = expression();
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != ‘)’) error("’)’ expected"); //Error 3: if (t.kind != ‘)’) error("'(‘ expected");
return d; //Line missing
}
case ‘-‘:
{
return -primary();
}
case ‘+’:
{
return primary();
}
case number:
{
return t.value;
}
case sqroot:
{
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != ‘(‘) {
error("'(‘ expected");
}
ts.unget(t);
double d = primary();
if (d < 0.0) {
error("negative square root");
}
return sqrt(d);
}
case power:
{
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != ‘(‘) {
error("'(‘ expected");
}
double x = expression();
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != ‘,’) {
error("’,’ expected");
}
int n = int(expression());
if (n != expression()) {
error("entry for n in pow(x,n) is no integer", expression());
}
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind == ‘)’) {
cout << n << ", " << x << "\n";
return pow(x, n);
}
else {
error("Expected ‘)’");
}
}
case name:
{
return st.get(t.name);
}
default:
{
error("primary expected");
return 0.0; //Line missing
}
}
}
double term()
{
double left = primary();
while (true) {
Token t = ts.get();
switch (t.kind) {
case ‘k’:
{
left *= 1000;
break;
}
case ‘*’:
{
left *= primary();
break;
}
case ‘/’:
{
double d = primary();
if (d == 0) error("divide by zero");
left /= d;
break;
}
default: {
ts.unget(t);
return left;
}
}
}
}
double expression()
{
double left = term();
while (true) {
Token t = ts.get();
switch (t.kind) {
case ‘+’:
{
left += term();
break;
}
case ‘-‘:
{
left -= term();
break;
}
default:
{
ts.unget(t);
return left;
}
}
}
}
double statement()
{
Token t = ts.get();
double d;
if (t.kind == let || t.kind == reset || t.kind == constant) {
d = st.declare(t.kind);
}
else {
ts.unget(t);
d = expression();
}
t = ts.get();
if (t.kind != print) {
error("Missing terminator");
}
return d;
}
void clean_up_mess()
{
ts.ignore(print);
}
const string prompt = "> ";
const string result = "= ";
void calculate()
{
cout << "Welcome to my calculator.\n"
<< "Just hit enter or ; at the end of your function to calculate.\n"
<< "Enter h or H for help.\n";
while (true) try {
cout << prompt;
Token t = ts.get();
while (t.kind == print) {
t = ts.get();
}
if (t.kind == help) {
cout << "You can use / *-+operators.\n"
<< "Declaring variables using #, for example: # x = 5.\n";
}
else {
if (t.kind == exitprog) {
return;
}
ts.unget(t);
cout << result << statement() << endl;
}
}
catch (runtime_error& e) {
cerr << e.what() << endl;
clean_up_mess();
}
}
int main()
try {
calculate();
return 0;
}
catch (exception& e) {
cerr << "exception: " << e.what() << endl;
char c;
while (cin >> c&& c != ‘;’);
return 1;
}
catch (…) {
cerr << "exception\n";
char c;
while (cin >> c && c != ‘;’);
return 2;
}
[/code]
Output: Welcome to my calculator. Just hit enter or ; at the end of your function to calculate. Enter h or H for help. > 2 + 5 = 7 > H You can use / *-+operators. Declaring variables using #, for example: # x = 5.
